What causes Depression?

We explore some of the top reasons why people experience depression, and what we can do to help them overcome it.

Depression is a mental health condition that affects millions of people every year. You might be asking yourself, "What causes depression?" The truth is there are many factors that contribute to this disorder, but the most common cause is stress. If you feel like your life has become unmanageable and nothing seems to make sense anymore, it's time to talk to someone about what's going on with you. Life events

Research suggests that continuing difficulties – long-term unemployment, living in an abusive or uncaring relationship, long-term isolation or loneliness, prolonged work stress – are more likely to cause depression than recent life stresses. However, recent events (such as losing your job) or a combination of events can ‘trigger' depression if you’re already at risk because of previous bad experiences or personal factors. Personal factors

Family history – Depression can run in families and some people will be at an increased genetic risk. However, having a parent or close relative with depression doesn’t mean you’ll automatically have the same experience. Life circumstances and other personal factors are still likely to have an important influence.

Changes in the brain

Although there’s been a lot of research in this complex area, there’s still much we don’t know. Depression is not simply the result of a ‘chemical imbalance’, for example because you have too much or not enough of a particular brain chemical. It’s complicated, and there are multiple causes of major depression. Factors such as genetic vulnerability, severe life stressors, substances you may take (some medications, drugs and alcohol) and medical conditions can affect the way your brain regulates your moods.

Most modern antidepressants have an effect on your brain’s chemical transmitters (serotonin and noradrenaline), which relay messages between brain cells – this is thought to be how medications work for more severe depression. Psychological treatment can also help you to regulate your moods.

Effective treatment can stimulate the growth of new nerve cells in circuits that regulate your mood, which is thought to play a critical part in recovering from the most severe episodes of depression.

Remember ...

Everyone’s different and it's often a combination of factors that can contribute to developing depression. It's important to remember that you can't always identify the cause of depression or change difficult circumstances. The most important thing is to recognise the signs and symptoms and seek support.

The Art of Managing Conflict in an Intimate Relationship

My wife and I were chatting the other day and both remarked that it would have been so beneficial in the early days of our marriage to be able to have seen a psychologist for some couples therapy and/or to learn some skills to enhance our relationship. Unfortunately ours was the era where we just had to learn the hard way by trial and error! Fortunately we learnt! However, it took us a while longer and at higher cost than was necessary! Nowadays as a registered psychologist, the ability to convey insight into how relationships function and skills to enhance relationships is one of the prime reasons why I love working with couples seeking support in their relationship. So here is some fundamental truths that will help you in your relationship now!

Research shows that the most problematic issues, conflict or differences in relationships don’t get solved (69% in fact). At best they can only be managed. Indeed the reason for this is that most challenging issues in which couples get ‘trapped in’ have more to do with character differences and personality traits. For example, Steve values organisation and neatness; whereas Sarah couldn’t care less about organisation and believes sharing time with friends is most important. Steve loves spending money – Sarah loves saving money. Steve loves hot weather holidays – Sarah loves cold weather holiday’s etc etc. Additionally, there are often major differences in our families of origin, cultures and family traditions, personal values and beliefs, passions and interests among many more differences. The list is long and the differences that typically attracted us to each other, end up being the ones that repel us after a while?! As such, coming to understand and accept that these differences will remain, and learning to manage, not solve problems, are among the most effective skills we can learn to master our intimate relationships.

Therefore I encourage my clients with the following strategies: 1. Change your mindset It's not conflict in a relationship that is bad, it is not managing it constructively which is bad! The aim is not to think "my relationship is doomed" because we have conflict or to think the goal is to remove all conflict. The goal is to see how we can manage/negotiate a win/win solution that allows us to function and enjoy our diversity and differences. 2. Celebrate the differences! Choose to see the joy and strength we have as a result of our differences. Choose to see how our differences were something that attracted us to one another. Rather than fight them now I can choose to appreciate them as they strengthen and enhance our relationship. 3. Find a win/win solution! The way that we constructively manage our differences is to find a win/win solution. Unfortunately people often think that a constructive solution is for one party to just give in or reluctantly comply. This is never a solution and will most often lead to resentment and contempt. It may take time and energy, but a constructive solution is one that really takes into account each other’s position on an issue and then lovingly finds a way to discuss with each other how to give up some ground and move closer and closer to an agreed, acceptable solution with each other. There are many more things we can learn about how intimate relationships function and skills we can develop to enhance our relationships but it is vitally important to firstly learn how to achieve a loving, mutually beneficial win/win way to manage and not change conflict arising from individual differences!

By Mark Webb

M&Co. Registered Psychologist

Personal Power

On being mentally strong.

I've spoken about this in therapy heaps lately it seems. In a treatment setting there is much to be said about this topic but here are some great starters...

Research indicates fostering resilience means not being easily persuaded to believe the self criticisms and judgements we bring into our lives. Furthermore, fostering resilience means coming to understand that giving away your personal power robs you of the mental strength you need to remain resilient.

Mentally strong people don't give away their personal power. Here are "what I've learned with you" on how to retain personal power. In order to make positive changes, take a moment to recognise how you give your mental energy away.. This is not an exhaustive list so add to these observations in the comments if you are so inclined!

Establish healthy boundaries
It is easy to neglect establishing healthy boundaries (physical, spiritual and emotional). Perhaps you tend to 'give the benefit of the doubt to a fault' or maybe you find yourself blaming others for wasting your time or forcing you to do something. We give our personal power over to others when we give in to guilt trips or refuse to be assertive. Establish healthy boundaries that give you control over how you spend your time and with whom.

Make your self worth independent of other people's opinions
While most of us 'know' this principle, it is difficult to manage this vulnerability effectively. The difference between being confident and secure; or vulnerable to others opinions is a slippery slope. Evaluate the criticism received but be intentional about how you determine your self worth.

Practice forgiveness
Forgive, again and again. Don't avoid facing what needs to be forgiven or grieved. Yes, it's painful, right? Forgiveness is a huge topic and of course, doesn't mean what happened was acceptable - it is however a means for which you set yourself free from the interference unforgiveness brings.

Know your values
Find clarity with this one. We put ourselves at risk when others lead this aspect of our life. I notice that personal power is given away when one believes they are to subjugate their own preferences, opinions, and needs to endorse the needs, opinions and preferences of others, over their own. Others believe they are selfish unless they thoroughly vanquish their preferences. While the values of humility and servanthood are wonderful attributes, subjugation is an unhealthy schema!

Stop complaining
There is a massive difference between problem solving and complaining! Complaining use to make me feel better short term but in actual fact, I had little control over my attitude! Venting to those around you keeps you focussed on the wrong things. Complaining stops us from finding a solution and implies we have no authority over the situation. To become a better problem solver, put energy into finding meaningful solutions rather than having a whinge!

Managing thought life
Don't waste time on unproductive thoughts. This is typically a life and psychological skill with its own unique application to each individual, but for starters, postpone worry time until you can process thoughts properly - anything else is a waste!

No more victim mentality
Avoid language that implies you are a victim. While I have been victimised, as have you, and there are consequences for actions, we do have choices.

Avoid being 'opaque'
I've not always been willing to stand out from the crowd, and preferred to come alongside or keep my thoughts to myself for fear of being seen, heard and ultimately criticised. I call it being 'opaque' - where what is on the inside isn't quite seen on the outside. There are numerous reasons why I adopted this behaviour, however when I trusted I was mentally strong enough to stand out, I could dare to make a difference.

Manage Emotions
Take 100% responsibility for how you feel despite how others behave. If you don't know how to manage this space, I know a good therapist or two!

(Disclaimer: By law, it is the requirement of a registered health professional to provide a disclaimer for activities or information disseminated publicly to assist in the ethical, safe and appropriate use of what may be deemed as advice. The contents of this blog are written with the intention of being read as an informal personal statement of reflections and observations by the author, Rochelle Masters. The contents herewith are not written as definitive statements or prescribed instruction for your personal circumstance and no guarantee can be given that the reflections are free from error or omission. This blog is not meant to treat mental illness. The diagnosis and treatment of mental illness requires the specific attention of a physician or other properly qualified mental health professional engaged to treat your personal circumstance. If you are seeking diagnosis or treatment of a mental illness, you should contact and consult with a physician or mental health professional. The information in this blog is NOT a substitute for proper diagnosis, treatment or the provision of advice by an appropriate health professional in the appropriate treatment setting.

Masters Psychology & Co., all employees and agents shall accept no liability for any act or omission occurring as a result of reliance on the information on this website and for any consequences of any such act or omission. If you are experiencing a mental health crisis please contact LIFELINE on 13 11 14 (Open 24 hours) or contact admin@masterspsychology.com.au for more information).